API 1172:2014- Recommended Practice for Construction Parallel to Existing Underground Transmission Pipelines

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی API 1172:2014- Recommended Practice for Construction Parallel to Existing Underground Transmission Pipelines دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

API 1172:2014- Recommended Practice for Construction Parallel to Existing Underground Transmission Pipelines

BS EN 10264-2:2012-Steel wire and wire products — Steel wire for ropes Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropes for ge

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی BS EN 10264-2:2012-Steel wire and wire products — Steel wire for ropes Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropes for general applications دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

ASTM D 3306 2014-Standard Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی ASTM D 3306 2014-Standard Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

ASTM D 3306 2014-Standard Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant for Automobile and Light-Duty Service

Value of the Tuberculin Skin Test in Screening for Tuberculosis in Dialysis Patients

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی Value of the Tuberculin Skin Test in Screening for Tuberculosis in Dialysis Patients دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

M.A. Habesoglu, D. Torun, Y.Z. Demiroglu, M. Karataslı, N. Sen, H. Ermis, Nurhan Ozdemir,
and F.O. Eyuboglu
ABSTRACT
Background. Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for tuberculosis, and a tuberculin
skin test (TST) is not usually helpful in detecting tuberculosis infection because of anergic
reactions. Prophylactic therapy against tuberculosis in dialysis patients is important to
enhance transplantation success. Herein we evaluated the value of TST in screening for
tuberculosis and analyzed any compounding factors that might affect the results of the test
in hemodialysis patients in an endemic area of Turkey.
Methods. A total of 187 (96 female, 91 male) patients were screened using a 2-step TST.
Test results were compared with clinical, radiologic, and laboratory data.
Results. None of the patients had active tuberculosis during the study and 55% had been
vaccinated against tuberculosis. After the first purified protein derivative (PPD) test,
55.1% of the patients showed a positive reaction, ultimately reaching a total of 68.4%
following the second test. Cumulative positive TST results were significantly correlated
with male gender (P .001, r .352), previous tuberculosis history (P .013, r .183)
positively, whereas with the ferritin level (P .001, r .233) negatively; but there were
no significant relationships between TST results and other data.
Conclusions. Impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is frequent in dialysis
patients, but we observed high rates of positivity with the two-step TST which could be
attributed to tuberculosis being endemic in Turkey. Further comparative studies with more
specific diagnostic methods will be helpful to evalute the importance of TST positivity in
identifying tuberculosis-infected HD patients.

Is screening for tuberculosis acceptable to immigrants? A qualitative study

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی Is screening for tuberculosis acceptable to immigrants? A qualitative study دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

P. Brewin1, A. Jones2, M. Kelly3, M. McDonald4, E. Beasley4, P. Sturdy5, G. Bothamley1,
C. Griffiths5Background Screening of immigrants has been a widespread response to the global resurgence of tuberculosis but has been criticized as discriminatory
and stigmatising. Acceptability is an essential but neglected ethical prerequisite of screening programmes, particularly those targeting vulnerable
groups such as refugees. No data exist concerning acceptability of tuberculosis screening. We therefore examined the responses of
immigrants to screening for tuberculosis in a range of settings.
Methods We carried out a qualitative interview study of a maximum diversity sample of 53 immigrants offered screening for tuberculosis in east
London. We recruited people screened in three settings: a social service centre for asylum seekers, a hospital clinic for new entrants and primary
care. We confirmed validity of our findings at a focus group of asylum seekers.
Results The opportunity to be screened for tuberculosis was valued highly by recipients. Moreover, many saw being screened as a socially
responsible activity. Of the minority raising concerns, few mentioned the possibility of discrimination. Acceptability was high irrespective of setting,
with respondents expressing preference for their chosen place of screening.
Conclusion Screening for tuberculosis was highly acceptable to recipients in these settings. Screening should be offered in a range of settings.
Keywords public health, screening, tuberculosis