BS EN 10264-2:2012-Steel wire and wire products — Steel wire for ropes Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropes for ge

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی BS EN 10264-2:2012-Steel wire and wire products — Steel wire for ropes Part 2: Cold drawn non alloy steel wire for ropes for general applications دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

ISO 1133-2-2011-Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — P

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی ISO 1133-2-2011-Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 2: Method for materials sensitive to time-temperature history and/or moisture دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

ISO 1133-2-2011-Plastics — Determination of the melt mass-flow rate (MFR) and melt volume flow rate (MVR) of thermoplastics — Part 2: Method for materials sensitive to time-temperature history and/or moisture

Stochastic Optimization Methods Applications in Engineering and Operations Research,Third edition, Springer, 2015

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی Stochastic Optimization Methods Applications in Engineering and Operations Research,Third edition, Springer, 2015 دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Stochastic Optimization
Methods
Applications in Engineering
and Operations Research
Third edition
Springer

Contact tracing and population screening for tuberculosis – who should be assessed?

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی Contact tracing and population screening for tuberculosis – who should be assessed? دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

Abstract

Benjamin R. Underwood, Veronica L. C. White, Tim Baker, Malcolm Law
and John C. Moore-Gillon

Background The aim of the study was to investigate the
relative effectiveness of four strategies in detecting and preventing
tuberculosis: contact tracing of smear-positive pulmonary
disease, of smear-negative pulmonary disease and
of non-pulmonary disease, and screening new entrants.
Methods An analysis of patient records and a TB database
was carried out for an NHS Trust-based tuberculosis service
in a socio-economically deprived area. Subjects were contacts
of all patients treated for TB between 1997 and 1999.
New entrants were screened in 1999. Outcomes measured
were numbers of cases of active tuberculosis detected and
numbers of those screened given chemoprophylaxis.
Results A total of 643 contacts of 227 cases of active TB were
seen, and 322 new entrants to the United Kingdom. The highest
proportion of contacts requiring full treatment or chemoprophylaxis
were contacts of smear-positive index cases (33
out of 263 contacts; 12.5 per cent). Tracing contacts of those
with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (12 out of 156;
7.7 per cent) and non-pulmonary disease (14 out of 277;
6.2 per cent) was significantly more effective in identifying
individuals requiring intervention (full treatment or chemoprophylaxis)
than routine screening of new entrants (10 out
of 322; 3.1 per cent).
Conclusions Screening for TB of new entrants to the United
Kingdom is part of the national programme for control and
prevention of TB, whereas tracing contacts of those with
smear-negative and non-pulmonary disease is not. This study
demonstrates that, in our population, the contact-tracing
strategy is more effective than new entrant screening. It is not
likely that the contacts have caught their disease from the
index case, but rather that in high-incidence areas such as
ours such tracing selects extended families or communities at
particularly high risk.
Keywords: tuberculosis, contact tracing, immigrants, cost
effectiveness

Ecology of Cities and Towns, A Comparative Approach

اختصاصی از اینو دیدی Ecology of Cities and Towns, A Comparative Approach دانلود با لینک مستقیم و پر سرعت .

760 صفحه پی دی اف

Contents
List of contributors xii
Preface xix
1 Introduction: Scope of the book and need for developing
a comparative approach to the ecological study of cities
and towns 1
Mark J. McDonnell, Ju¨rgen H. Breuste and Amy K. Hahs
Part I Opportunities and challenges of conducting
comparative studies 7
2 Comparative urban ecology: challenges and possibilities 9
Jari Niemela¨, D. Johan Kotze and Vesa Yli-Pelkonen
3 Frameworks for urban ecosystem studies: gradients, patch dynamics
and the human ecosystem in the New York metropolitan area and
Baltimore, USA 25
Steward T. A. Pickett, Mary L. Cadenasso, Mark J. McDonnell
and William R. Burch Jr
4 Comparative effects of urbanisation in marine
and terrestrial habitats 51
M. G. Chapman and A. J. Underwood
5 Comparative ecology of cities and towns: past, present
and future 71
Mark J. McDonnell and Amy K. Hahs

6 Comparative urban ecological research in developing countries 90
Sarel Cilliers, Henk Bouwman and Ernst Drewes
7 Using models to compare the ecology of cities 112
Michael McCarthy
Part II Ecological studies of cities and towns 127
8 Responses of faunal assemblages to urbanisation: global
research paradigms and an avian case study 129
Carla P. Catterall
9 Effect of urban structures on diversity of marine species 156
M. G. Chapman, David Blockley, Julie People and Brianna Clynick
10 Comparative studies of terrestrial vertebrates
in urban areas 177
Charles Nilon
11 The ecology of roads in urban and urbanising landscapes 185
Rodney van der Ree
12 Spatial pattern and process in urban animal communities 197
Yosihiro Natuhara and Hiroshi Hashimoto
13 Invertebrate biodiversity in urban landscapes: assessing
remnant habitat and its restoration 215
Dieter F. Hochuli, Fiona J. Christie and Boris Lomov
14 Arthropods in urban ecosystems: community patterns
as functions of anthropogenic land use 233
Nancy E. McIntyre and Jessamy J. Rango
15 Light pollution and the impact of artificial night lighting
on insects 243
Gerhard Eisenbeis and Andreas Ha¨nel
16 A comparison of vegetation cover in Beijing and Shanghai:
a remote sensing approach 264
Jun Yang and Zhou Jinxing

17 Vegetation composition and structure of forest patches along
urban–rural gradients 274
Wayne C. Zipperer and Glenn R. Guntenspergen
18 Environmental, social and spatial determinants of urban
arboreal character in Auckland, New Zealand 287
Colin D. Meurk, Nadya Zvyagna, Rhys O. Gardner,
Guy Forrester, Mike Wilcox, Graeme Hall, Heather North,
Stella Belliss, Kathryn Whaley, Bill Sykes, Jerry Cooper
and Kathryn O’Halloran
19 Carbon and nitrogen cycling in soils of remnant forests
along urban–rural gradients: case studies in the New York
metropolitan area and Louisville, Kentucky 308
Margaret M. Carreiro, Richard V. Pouyat, Christopher E. Tripler
and Wei-Xing Zhu
20 Investigative approaches to urban biogeochemical cycles:
New York metropolitan area and Baltimore as case studies 329
Richard V. Pouyat, Margaret M. Carreiro, Peter M. Groffman
and Mitchell A. Pavao-Zuckerman
Part III Integrating science with management
and planning 353
21 Structural analysis of urban landscapes for landscape
management in German cities 355
Ju¨rgen H. Breuste
22 Preservation of original natural vegetation in urban areas:
an overview 380
Clas Florga°rd
23 Homogeneity of urban biotopes and similarity of landscape
design language in former colonial cities 399
Maria E. Ignatieva and Glenn H. Stewart
24 Tools to assess human impact on biotope resilience
and biodiversity in urban planning: examples from
Stockholm, Sweden 422
Katarina Lo¨fvenhaft

25 Landscape ecological analysis and assessment
in an urbanising environment 439
Ulla Mo¨rtberg
26 Applying landscape ecological principles to a fascinating
landscape: the city 456
Robbert Snep, Wim Timmermans and Robert Kwak
27 A trans-disciplinary research approach providing
a platform for improved urban design, quality
of life and biodiverse urban ecosystems 470
Charles T. Eason, Jennifer E. Dixon and Marjorie R. van Roon
28 Pattern:process metaphors for metropolitan landscapes 484
Laura R. Musacchio
29 Valuing urban wetlands: modification, preservation
and restoration 503
Glenn R. Guntenspergen, Andrew H. Baldwin, Dianna M. Hogan,
Hilary A. Neckles and Martha G. Nielsen
Part IV Comments and synthesis 521
30 What is the main object of urban ecology?
Determining demarcation using the example
of research into urban flora 523
Ru¨diger Wittig
31 How to conduct comparative urban ecological research 530
Susanna Lehva¨virta and D. Johan Kotze
32 Ecological scientific knowledge in urban and land-use
planning 549
Kristina L. Nilsson and Clas Florga°rd
33 Envisioning further steps in comparative urban ecology 557
Orie Loucks
34 Towards a comparative ecology of cities and towns 567
Kirsten Parris

A comparative ecology of cities and towns: synthesis
of opportunities and limitations 574
Amy K. Hahs, Mark J. McDonnell and Ju¨rgen H. Breuste
References 597
Index 700
The colour plates are situated between pages 362 and 363