نوع فایل: ppt _ pptx ( پاورپوینت )
( قابلیت ویرایش )
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بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم پکیج آموزشی کنترل عفونت تهیه و تنظیم دکتر حسین اخوان زنجانی ریاست تیم کنترل عفونت بیمارستان شهدای تجریش Hand Hygiene “Clean Care is Safer Care” HCAI is a major problem for patient safety and its surveillance and prevention must be a first priority for settings and institutions committed to making health care safer.
The impact of HCAI implies prolonged hospital stay, long-term disability, increased resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials, massive additional financial burden, high costs for patients and their families, excess deaths.
Overall estimates indicate that more than 1.4 million patients worldwide in developed and developing countries are affected at any time.
In developed countries, HCAI concerns 5–15% of hospitalized patients and can affect 9–37% of those admitted to intensive care units (ICUs ) .
approximately 5 million HCAIs are estimated to occur in acute care hospitals in Europe annually, representing around 25 million extra days of hospital stay and a corresponding economic burden of €13–24 billion.
In general, attributable mortality due to HCAI in Europe is estimated to be 1% (50 000 deaths per year), but HCAI contributes to death in at least 2.7% of cases (135 000 deaths per year).
The estimated HCAI incidence rate in the USA was 4.5% in 2002 . approximately 99 000 deaths were attributed to HCAI. The annual economic impact of HCAI in the USA was approximately US$ 6.5 billion in 2004.
In the mid-1800s, studies by Ignaz Semmelweis in Vienna, Austria, and Oliver Wendell Holmes in Boston, USA, established that hospital-acquired diseases were transmitted via the hands of HCWs.
Historical perspectiveon hand hygiene in health care He observed that maternal mortality rates, mostly attributable to puerperal fever, were substantially higher in one clinic compared with the other .
He also noted that doctors and medical students often went directly to the delivery suite after performing autopsies and had a disagreeable odour on their hands despite handwashing with soap and water before entering the clinic. Semmelweis recommended that hands be scrubbed in a chlorinated lime solution before every patient contact and particularly after leaving the autopsy room. Following the implementation of this measure, the mortality rate fell dramatically to 3% in the clinic most affected and remained low thereafter. Semmelweis is considered not only the father of hand hygiene, but his intervention is also a model of epidemiologically driven strategies to prevent infection.
A bedridden patient colonized with Gram-positive cocci, in particular at nasal, perineal, and inguinal areas (not shown), as well as axillae and upper extremities.
Some environmental surface
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