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فرمت فایل word و قابل ویرایش و پرینت
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Introduction
The grammar translation method is not new. It has different names; butis has been used by language teachers for many years.
At one time it was called the classical method since it was first used in the teaching of the classical language, Latin and Greek. Earlier in this century, this method was used for the purpose of the helping student read and appreciates foreign language literature. It was also hoped that, through the study of the grammar of the target language students would become more familiar with the grammar of their native language and that this familiarity would help them speak and write their native language better. Finally, it was thought that foreign language learning would help students grow intellectury,it was recognized that student would probably never use the target language, but he mental exercise of learning it would beneficial anyway.
The rote of Grammar _ Translation method:
By the end of 18century, Latin had stopped to become a medium of instruction and the teaching and application of its rules had become formalized into a sort of intellectual exercise.
Thus the few modem language which bad been into some of the school of the time, were taught with the same methods as Latin and justified by the same arguments of mental discipline.
By the beginning of the 19 century, the systematic study of the grammar of classical once again taken over in schools and universities trough out Europe. The analytical grammar translation approach was firmly use as a method to teach Latin as well as modern language. Trough out this century, teaching in school followed plotz's techniques. It was a matter of using the first language to acquire the second. This included rote learning of grammar rules, learning to put grammatical labels on words and learning to apply the rules by translating sentences. Later these techniques were given a name: , by some methodologist who were painting out it**s major weaknesses.
Influences from psychology:
this method was supported bye a school called , which originally goes back to aristito. According to aristito, their mind is composed of a number of separate powers or faculties: such as mamory, judgment, reasoning and so on.
According to thistheory, the primary pose of learning is to develop the power of the mind by practice. So, certain subjects were superior means for cultivating these powers. Languages, particularly Latin, were taught to be superior, because their learning required the exercise of the learner's memory. In linguistics, there was no scientific school but traditional or classical grammarians contributed a lot. The 19**century witnessed the birth of English grammar. Based on Latin grammar, traditional teachers wrote a prescriptive grammar.
These teachers believed that <>is a product of reason and that all languages were variants of the some underlying system. So, they justified the descriptive grammar which was based on Latin grammar.
The principal charactering of the grammar translation method were these:
1. The goal of foreign language study is to learn a lamgoagein order to need its literature or in order to benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual development that result from foreign language study. Grammar translation is a way of studying a language that approaches language first through detailed analysis of its grammar rules, followed by application of this knowledge
تحقیق درمورد Introduction
